Building a wildlife pond - Part 4

You can find Part 1 here  

You can find Part 2 here  

You can find Part 3 here  

Once you have added underlay protection to your pond and bought your pond liner you are ready for the last steps. A flexible liner is a popular choice for several reasons: it’s easier to transport since it comes folded in a box; it’s easier to install, it also allows you complete freedom of choice as far as the pond shape and depth is concerned.

9. Position the liner over the hole.
Lay the liner across the hole. Handle it gently and only tread on it with soft-soled shoes or bare feet. Weigh down the edges with enough rock to hold the liner in place, but not so much as to stop it from folding in to the pond as the liner fills with water. 

The most awkward job of the whole project. The small liner was 0.5 meters too small by my calculations and I couldn't take the chance. I had to go for the medium one which left lots of spare and much more cumbersome to move and arrange. (Cam C902)

Try and adjust the liner as you go. Tricky, very tricky (cam C902)

10. Start filling the pond liner.
As the water level rises the weight of the water will pull the liner into the contours of the hole. Adjust the rocks as required around the edge to allow this to happen.
You can cut off any excess liner once the pond is completely full but don’t do an exact trim until all your edging material is laid.  Remember you can trim any excess underlay material at this stage.

Trim the edges to something more manageable. Cam C902)

11. Lay your edging material.
Depending on what you are using for the edge of the pond this will either be number 11 or 12 on the job list.  I was using rocks from around the garden and wanted them to lay on top of the liner with the liner folded up behind the rock so that I could fill the pond further to allow the rocks sit in the water.  (If you are finishing off with turf or paving slabs then when the pond is full trim the liner and bury the edges in a trench filled with soil and cover with turf or paving slabs).

12. Trim off excess liner when the pond is full.
Once I was happy with the placement of all the rocks I gave the liner a final close trim.

13. Stock the pond with oxygenating plants.
Give your pond a day or two for the chlorine in the water to dissipate and then add your oxygenating plants.

Final jobs consisted of planting the submerged plants and marshy type plants. Arranging the rocks so that there are a few entrance and exits for any frogs or other wildlife. (Cam C902)

This visitor has come of his own accord, hope he is checking the pond out with a view to moving in. (Cam C902)

And that’s about it… don’t worry about the wildlife, it will find its own way to your pond.  All you have to do is sit back and enjoy.

And here is my pond three or four months old, it looks quite established now.  (Cam C902)

Good luck with your pond, let me know how you get on.

Building a wildlife pond - Part 3

You can find Part 1 here  

You can find Part 2 here  

Hopefully, you have decided the location, shape and size on your pond.  You have dug it out and re-deposited the soil and removed any sharp objects, stones and root systems.

All roots and sharp stones removed (Cam C902)

This next bit is a lot of fun…

7. Line the hole with a layer of soft building sand
If you enjoyed playing on the beach and building sand castles you’ll enjoy this job.  The sand sticks to the sidewalls of the pond much better than I expected so it's just a case of having fun.

Lined with sand, the first line of protection for the actual PVC liner. The sand was really fun to do and it started to look half decent. (Cam C902)

8. Line the sanded hole with underlay material.
This is the second line of protection for the actual PVC liner.  I used some bits of carpet underlay for the base of the pond and some spare roof liner material for the base and walls of the pond.  I held them in place with a few rocks.  (Doesn’t matter what this looks like as once the pond is finished you’ll never see it)

Lined with underlay the second line of protection for the actual PVC liner (Cam C902)

The liner will sit on the top of this and before you create a pond lip with the pond liner you trim off all of the visible excess underlay material.

I used a flexible PVC liner, these are the most common as they will adapt to any size and shape pond.

To calculate the size of the liner you require get you calculator and tape measure out and use the following formula

Length = length of pond + (2 x maximum depth) + 1m edging
Width = width of pond + (2 x maximum depth) + 1m edging

There are a few online calculators like the one here

Only a few steps to go now.

You can find Part 4 here

Building a wildlife pond - Part 2

You can find Part 1 here

So, hopefully you have though about the location, shape and size on your pond.  Now it’s time to get your hands dirty.

This space is just crying out to be used. (Cam C902)

2. Clear the top surface area of the pond from gravel, turf, grass etc and either reuse in other parts of the garden or keep to one side for any finishing touches.
This is a simple task and can be done in a spare half an hour, maybe after work through the week.

3. Before you dig know where the excavated soil is going to go.
This might seem like a simple consideration but believe me, more soil comes out of the ground than you can ever get back in.  What I didn’t consider until I starting digging was how compacted the soil was.  The very act of digging aerates the soil, which means you have about twice in volume to dispose of as comes out of the hole. 

Think about where this soil will go, unless you can disperse it elsewhere in the garden or you are planning to use it as the base for a rockery or other raised feature, you will have to order a skip and have it taken away.

I didn't consider this and had to do a bit of garden design on the hoof.  I ended up creating a whole new bedding area as a result.

After my first session, clearing the gravel, having a bit of a dig and realising I was going to have a lot of soil to get rid of. (Cam C902)

4. Dig the pond site to your planned shape and depth.
I dug the pond over a few days as I was re-depositing the soil as I went along.  I only have a small pond and I still found this hard work so spread it over a couple of evenings after work so that I could do the liner at the weekend.  I also didn’t want to make myself sick trying to do everything in one go.

 Doesn't look any different but I removed lots more soil.  Looks like I settled on a giant foot shape! (Cam C902)

Any larger stones I kept to one side until I was completely finished in case they were needed later.

5. Measure the deep end to make sure you are down far enough.
Dig a hole approximately 20cm deeper than required to allow for sand, matting and liner. Remember the deepest point needs to be at least 75cm so adding the 20cm mean a hole depth of 95cm.  You don't have to have a even depth at the bottom, as you can see below I opted for a deeper section to one end.

A final deep hole that should resist freezing. All roots and sharp stones removed (with a cut finger for my troubles) (Cam C902)

6. Clear the hole of any stones, roots, sharp edges and loose dirt.
This can be time consuming but the more diligent you are the better for the pond and the less likely you are at putting a hole in the pond liner.  You'll notice all the roots in the first photo have disappeared by the second photo.

You can find Part 3 here  

You can find Part 4 here

Building a wildlife pond - Part 1

Last year we built ourselves a garden pond.  We’d talked about it for a year or two and finally bit the bullet and gave it a go.  Although I’m no expert I think it’s worth sharing my experience and hope it helps you if you’re planning your own hole in the ground.

We wanted a wildlife pond, something to attract insects and frogs.  Apparently ponds support a greater diversity of life than any other garden habitat, and are one of the best ways to attract a range of wildlife. As well as creatures and plants living in the pond, mammals and birds will come to drink or bathe.  Sounds fun.

First off then is a list and a little planning, (Failure to plan is a plan to fail and all that).  The list also helps break the jobs into sizable, do-able chucks.  Most of the text below is a mixture of information I have gathered from various websites.

1. Decide on the site, shape and depth of the pond. 
2. Clear the top surface area of the pond from gravel, turf, grass etc and either reuse in other parts of the garden or keep to one side for any finishing touches.
3. Before you dig know where the excavated soil is going to go.
4. Dig the pond site to your planned shape and depth.
5. Measure the deep end to make sure you are down far enough.
6. Clear the hole of any stones, roots, sharp edges and loose dirt.
7. Line the hole with a layer of soft building sand
8. Line the sanded hole with underlay material.
9. Position the liner over the hole.
10. Start filling the pond liner.
11. Trim off excess liner when the pond is full.
12. Lay your edging material.
13. Stock the pond with oxygenating plants.

The pond before it was a Pond, 29 June 2010. This space is just crying out to be used. (Cam C902)

April is a good month to dig out a new pond as it gives you the rest of summer for it to get established, so let’s get started.

1. Decide on the site, shape and depth of the pond. 

The ideal pond site is in a sunny spot, sheltered from cold northerly winds and well away from trees that shed their leaves. Too much shade will encourage algal growth, while falling leaves will soon clog up the pond in autumn.

The simplest way of establishing the shape and size you want is to lay garden hose or rope out on the pond site, and to view it from various positions. A healthy pond needs to be in full sun for as may hours as possible every day. Plenty of sunshine will warm the water and encourage plant growth. Plants with floating leaves will give some shade to pond dwellers.

Think of pond maintenance, ease of access, will make this job much easier.

Allow for an overspill, ideally into a marshy area or a soak away. You don’t want excess water draining into a neighbour’s garden.

No pond is too small to be useful but if possible, aim for a minimum of 4 to 5 square meters surface area. This will allow frog or newts to breed, as well as some dragonfly species.

Shape is not critical, but is probably best kept simple. An informal curved shape will look good for a wildlife pond.

Depth profile is important. The deepest point should be at least 75cm, this will allow hibernating amphibians and invertebrates to survive the coldest winters when the pond is frozen over.

There should be a shelf about 20 to 30 cm deep to place emergent plants on. Finally, there should be a gently sloping shallow area; this can be used by bathing birds, and as it will warm up quickly in sunny weather will be occupied by many invertebrates.

You can find Part 2 here  

You can find Part 3 here  

You can find Part 4 here